Citation Guide

There are 3 CSE citation systems:

1. Citation-sequence
2. Name-year
3. Citation-name

In Biology 3990, we will be using the name-year system, which is the Biology Department's preferred method of citing sources.

*If you are using an outside source, please be sure that you are referencing the name-year system and that the source uses the guidelines presented in the 8th edition of the Scientific Style and Format guide.

*Only the first letters of book, book chapter, and journal article titles are capitalized, except for proper nouns.

*No indentation of end references is required; however, hanging indentation may be used for easier readability, if desired.

Print

Format:

Last Name and Initial(s) of Author(s)/Editor(s) [each name separated by a comma]. Year of Publication. Title of book. Edition (if applicable). Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example:

Hine R, Martin EA, editors. 2004. Dictionary of biology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

In-Text Citation:

(Hine and Martin 2004)    

*If there are 2 authors, names are separated by a comma in the end reference but by "and" in the in-text citation

Book Chapter (written by the same author(s) as the book):

Format:

Last Name and Initial(s) of Author(s) of Book. Year of Publication. Title of book. Edition (if applicable). Place of Publication: Publisher. Chapter #, Chapter title; p. page numbers of chapter.

Example:

Gwande A. 2010. The checklist manifesto: how to get things right. New York (NY): Metropolitan Books. Chapter 3, The end of the master builder; p. 48-71.

In-text Citation:

(Gawande 2010)

Book Chapter (written by someone other than the author(s)/editor(s) of the book):

Format:

Last Name and Initial(s) of Author(s) of the Chapter. Year of Publication. Title of chapter. In: Last Name and Initials of Author(s) of Book. Book title. Edition (if applicable). Place of Publication: Publisher. p. page numbers of chapter.

Example:

Minke IM. 2011. Vocalization patterns of killer whales. In: Williams P, Rogers P, editors. Behaviour and bioacoustics of endangered whales. 3rd ed. San Diego: University of California Press. p. 268-294.

In-text Citation:

(Minke 2011)

E-book:

Format:

Last Name and Initial(s) of Author(s). Year of Publication. Title of book.  Edition (if applicable). Place of Publication: Publisher; [date accessed]. URL of e-book.

Example:

Birnbaum G. 2009. Multiple sclerosis: a clinician's guide to diagnosis and treatment. New York: Oxford University Press; [accessed 2012 Feb 14]. http://ehis.ebscohost.com.libproxy.presby.edu.

In-text Citation:

(Birnbaum 2009)

*List authors in the order in which they appear on the original article.

*Journal titles are abbreviated according to the International Organization for Standardization standards.  These abbreviations can be found in the NLM Catalog at the NCBI website.

*For articles with 3-10 authors, list all authors in the end reference; in the in-text citation, list only the first followed by "et al."

*For articles with more than 10 authors, list the first 10 in the end reference, followed by "et al."

Print

Format:

Last Name and Initial(s) of Author(s). Year of Publication. Article title. Journal title [abbreviated according to ISO standards]. Volume Number (Issue Number):Page Numbers.

Example:

Besho F, Kobayashi N. 1993. A historical sketch of pediatric hematology and oncology in Japan. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 10(2):5-8.

In-text Citation:

(Besho and Kobayashi 1993)

Online

Format:

Last Name and Initial(s) of Author(s). Year of Publication. Title of article. Journal title [abbreviated according to ISO standards]. [date accessed]; volume(issue):Page Numbers {if page numbers are not available, enter the number of pages or paragraphs in brackets.  Example: [13 pages]}. URL of article. DOI.

*The DOI may be included in addition to the URL, if available, but is not required.

Example:

Tyack PL, Park KS, Kim YS, Choi BK, Matheison CM. 2008. Implications for marine mammals of large-scale changes in the marine acoustic environment. J Mammal. [accessed 2012 Dec 3]; 89(3):549-558. http://libproxy.presby.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=32513975&site=ehost-live. doi: 32513975.

In-text Citation:

(Tyack et al. 2008)

Format:

Title of Website. Year of Publication. Place of Publication: Publisher or Site Sponsor; [date accessed]. URL of website.

Example:

International Society for Dendritic Cell & Vaccine Science. 2012. New York: Rockefeller University; [accessed 2013 Feb 10]. http://www.dc-vaccine.org.

In-Text Citation:

(International Society for Dendritic...2012)

*For the in-text citation, include only the first word or two of the title (enough to distinguish it from other titles in the reference list), followed by an ellipsis.